![]() Conversely, lactation failure is associated with a significant increase in infant morbidity and related costs, estimated to be one billion US dollars per day. The benefits for mothers are also important, helping to reduce the risk of breast and uterine cancer and type 2 diabetes, and mitigating the vascular risk related to pregnancy. Breastfeeding is associated with a reduced risk in both viral and bacterial infections, sudden infant death syndrome, obesity, diabetes, allergies, and cancer. Moreover, it has epigenetic actions significantly contributing to the prevention of many diseases that may affect children, not only in early childhood but also later in life. ![]() Human milk is a species-specific food, balanced in nutritional components, microbiologically safe, immediately available, and cheap. Promoting breastfeeding is the single most effective intervention in preventing infant deaths: it has been estimated that breastfeeding implementation could save 820,000 children under 5 years of age worldwide (87% of them younger than 6 months) and would reduce infection-related mortality by 88%, mostly due to reducing cases of respiratory tract infections and diarrhea, in infants under 3 months of age. ![]() Indeed, increasing the breastfeeding rate, in addition to showing the highest cost–benefit ratio, is one of the most important interventions in terms of efficacy. The World Health Organization (WHO) identified the improvement in the quality of life of mothers and children as one of the world’s primary health objectives and indicated that the promotion of breastfeeding is a fundamental choice for health. Human milk has an undisputed biological and nutritional primacy: it is the first food consumed by infants it is safe, sustainable, and fair.
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